Answer:
Dominion theology refers to a line of theological interpretation and
thought with regard to the role of the church in contemporary society.
Dominion theology is also known as Christian reconstructionism and
theonomy. Dominion theology states that biblical Christianity will rule
all areas of society, personal and corporate. Christian
reconstructionism reasons that society will be reconstructed by the Law
of God as preached in the gospel and the Great Commission. Theonomy is a
post-millennial view believing that all of the moral laws contained in
the Old Testament are yet binding today. Although these might sound
somewhat disparate, they have all been closely linked together to the
point that people often use the terms interchangeably.
Those who hold these views believe that it is the duty of Christians to
create a worldwide kingdom patterned after the Mosaic Law. They believe
that Christ will not return to earth until such a kingdom has been
established. The principal goal, then, of dominion theology and
Christian reconstructionism is political and religious domination of the
world through the implementation of the moral laws, and subsequent
punishments, of the Old Testament (the sacrificial and ceremonial laws
having been fulfilled in the New Testament). This is not a government
system ruled by the church, but rather a government conformed to the Law
of God.
Dominion theology / Christian reconstructionism is largely based upon a
post-millennial view of covenantalism. Post-millennial refers to the
belief that Christ will return to earth after the thousand-year reign of
God's kingdom, and covenantalism refers to the belief that biblical
history is divided into three major covenants supposedly described in
Scripture—of redemption, of works, and of grace. Adherents believe that
we currently exist under the covenant of grace, and that the church has
replaced Israel, and we are now in the millennial Kingdom of God. Man,
under the covenant of grace, is responsible to rule the world, to hold
dominion over it, in obedience to the laws of God.
The problem with these beliefs is that they rest upon a distorted view
of Scripture. Scripture clearly teaches a premillennial view of the
Kingdom of God (Zechariah 14:4-9; Matthew 25:31-34),
the "covenant of grace" is an extra-biblical construct, Israel and the
Church are distinct throughout biblical history and prophecy, and God
never commanded the Church to revamp society. Instead, believers are
commanded to preach the Gospel as in Matthew 28:19, 20, but God clearly intends to implement worldwide reform Himself (Revelation 19:11-20:4).
Though it is clearly unbiblical, dominion theology persists. It is, in
fact, a great threat to biblical Christianity. Once at home solely
within Reformed circles, dominion theology and Christian
reconstructionism are now creeping into many Protestant churches and are
making a large impact on the beliefs of Charismatic churches in
particular.
As with any new teaching we are exposed to, we need to be like the Bereans of Acts 17:11:
"And the people of Berea were more open-minded than those in
Thessalonica, and they listened eagerly to Paul's message. They searched
the Scriptures day after day to check up on Paul and Silas, to see if
they were really teaching the truth." Dominion theology / Christian
reconstructionism doesn't align with what we read in the Scriptures.
Although this is just a "nutshell" summary of dominion theology, the
points made are very clear. Dominion theology is not a theology for a
believer to live by, but rather one to avoid.
Recommended Resource:
Five Views on Law and Gospel edited by Stanley Gundry.
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